Crystallization

To initiate the crystallization the concentration of the dissolved substance has to be above the saturation point. The two processes used to achieve supersaturation are:

• cooling
• evaporation

Different crystallizer constructions are used to meet specific requirements. Inorganic products, which are needed in large quantities for fertilizer production, for example, are produced by continuous evaporation crystallization. But valuable pharmaceutical products are often produced batchwise in cooled agitated vessels.